Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations and Valid Inequalities for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem
In recent years, many companies start to use Electric Vehicles (EV) to encounter environmental issues. In the literature, Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (E-VRP) is introduced to handle the new challenges of using EVs. E-VRP aims to route a fleet of capacitated EVs to serve customers' demands while minimizing the total travel distance, considering battery restrictions. In this paper, four Mixed-Integer linear programming formulations of E-VRP and several valid inequalities are presented. The efficiencies of the models and valid inequalities are investigated based on the execution time, the number of nodes explored in the Branch-and-Bound, and LP-bounds over various-sized instances.
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